PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.